Which combination best describes a classic Wernicke encephalopathy triad?

Which combination best describes a classic Wernicke encephalopathy triad?

• A. Oculomotor dysfunction, ataxia, and altered mental status
• B. Memory loss, anxiety, insomnia
• C. Hearing loss, vertigo, tinnitus
• D. Seizures, coma, paralysis

Answer: (A)

Wernicke encephalopathy is caused by thiamine deficiency and classically presents with a triad of ocular motor dysfunction (such as nystagmus or ophthalmoplegia), gait ataxia, and altered mental status. The combination described—eye movement abnormalities, trouble with coordination, and changes in level of consciousness—best fits this triad. This condition is an emergency; prompt high-dose thiamine given intravenously is crucial, and it should be started before glucose to prevent worsening. The other options describe symptoms that don’t align with the classic triad: memory-related issues with anxiety/insomnia aren’t specific to Wernicke’s; inner-ear symptoms point to a vestibular problem; and seizures or paralysis are not part of the typical triad.

Wernicke encephalopathy is caused by thiamine deficiency and classically presents with a triad of ocular motor dysfunction (such as nystagmus or ophthalmoplegia), gait ataxia, and altered mental status. The combination described—eye movement abnormalities, trouble with coordination, and changes in level of consciousness—best fits this triad. This condition is an emergency; prompt high-dose thiamine given intravenously is crucial, and it should be started before glucose to prevent worsening. The other options describe symptoms that don’t align with the classic triad: memory-related issues with anxiety/insomnia aren’t specific to Wernicke’s; inner-ear symptoms point to a vestibular problem; and seizures or paralysis are not part of the typical triad.