Which side effect is commonly associated with phenytoin therapy?

Which side effect is commonly associated with phenytoin therapy?

• A. Gingival hyperplasia
• B. Weight loss
• C. Hypoglycemia
• D. Tachycardia

Answer: (A)

Gingival hyperplasia is a classic adverse effect of phenytoin. The medication can stimulate gingival fibroblasts and alter collagen metabolism, leading to overgrowth of gum tissue with long-term use, especially when dental hygiene isn’t optimal. It often develops after months of therapy and is more noticeable in children. Proper oral hygiene and regular dental cleanings can help, and if the overgrowth is significant, a dose adjustment or switch to another anticonvulsant might be considered. The other options—weight loss, hypoglycemia, or tachycardia—are not typical side effects of phenytoin and don’t explain this gum overgrowth.

Gingival hyperplasia is a classic adverse effect of phenytoin. The medication can stimulate gingival fibroblasts and alter collagen metabolism, leading to overgrowth of gum tissue with long-term use, especially when dental hygiene isn’t optimal. It often develops after months of therapy and is more noticeable in children. Proper oral hygiene and regular dental cleanings can help, and if the overgrowth is significant, a dose adjustment or switch to another anticonvulsant might be considered. The other options—weight loss, hypoglycemia, or tachycardia—are not typical side effects of phenytoin and don’t explain this gum overgrowth.